Moving to Spain: The Complete Guide for 2026

Spain remains one of the most popular destinations for British nationals looking to start a new life abroad. Around 266,000 Britons are officially registered as residents in Spain, and that number continues to grow. The appeal is clear: more than 300 days of sunshine a year, a relaxed pace of life, affordable housing and a warm climate. Since Brexit, moving to Spain does require more planning than it once did — UK citizens are now treated as non-EU nationals and need the right visa to stay longer than 90 days. This guide walks you through every step, from choosing your visa route to finding a home and the right professionals on the ground.

1. Why are so many British people choosing Spain?

Climate tops the list for British people moving abroad. While the UK endures grey skies and rain for much of the year, Spain offers an average of 300 days of sunshine annually. In southern regions such as Andalusia and the Costa del Sol, winters are mild and genuinely pleasant.

The cost of living plays a significant role as well. Property prices in many Spanish regions are considerably lower than in the United Kingdom, and your money stretches much further in terms of square metres, often with a pool, a garden and a view to boot. Groceries, restaurants and everyday services generally cost less too.

The Spanish attitude to life draws many people in. The relaxed ‘mañana mañana’ approach, the focus on family and friends, and a social life that largely takes place outdoors all add up to a very different way of living. Long lunches, bustling terraces and village fiestas become part of the daily rhythm.

Digital nomads and remote workers find excellent internet connections, co-working spaces and a growing international community. An increasing number of young families and professionals are making the move, attracted by the balance between work and personal life.

2. Which regions are the most popular?

The Costa Blanca leads the way with a large established British community. Towns such as Alicante, Benidorm, Torrevieja, Calpe and Moraira attract many newcomers thanks to mild winters, beautiful beaches and affordable property prices. The well-established expat community makes settling in considerably easier.

Costa del Sol: A top choice for sun lovers

The Costa del Sol in the province of Málaga is one of the most popular choices for British residents, with a thriving international community. Towns such as Marbella, Fuengirola, Torremolinos and Estepona offer a blend of beach life, modern amenities and a cosmopolitan atmosphere. The area is renowned for outstanding restaurants, golf courses and a lively expat scene.

The Costa del Sol benefits from its location, with Málaga airport close at hand, good connections to other cities and a Mediterranean climate with very mild winters. For anyone looking for a combination of beach, culture and modern living, this region is hard to beat.

Other popular regions

Catalonia, with Barcelona as its magnet, attracts a significant number of British residents. The city offers vibrant urban life, cultural richness and international opportunities for professionals. Girona and Tarragona are also popular, valued for their proximity to the Pyrenees and the Costa Brava.

The Canary Islands attract those seeking a stable climate all year round. Gran Canaria, Tenerife and Fuerteventura offer subtropical temperatures and a unique blend of Spanish and island culture. Inland Andalusia, with cities such as Granada and Seville, and the Costa de Almería are gaining popularity among those who value authenticity and lower living costs.

3. What do you need to arrange before you move?

Moving abroad calls for careful preparation. Below you will find the most important steps to take before making the move permanent. Sorting these matters out in good time avoids stress and bureaucratic complications on arrival.

Choosing your visa route

Since Brexit, UK nationals need a long-stay visa to live in Spain. Without one, you are limited to 90 days in any 180-day period across the entire Schengen Area — not just Spain. The most common visa routes are the Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV), for retirees and those with passive income (minimum income of approximately €28,800 per year for a single applicant, plus mandatory private health insurance); the Digital Nomad Visa, for remote workers employed by companies outside Spain (minimum income of approximately €2,763 per month); and a work visa, for those with a job offer from a Spanish employer. All visas must be applied for at the Spanish Consulate in London before you travel. Property ownership in Spain does not grant any right of residency — your visa must be arranged entirely separately.

Leaving the UK

Once you spend more than 183 days a year in Spain, you are considered a tax resident and your UK ties become relevant. You will need to inform HMRC of your move and understand the implications for your tax position, National Insurance contributions and any benefits you receive. Contact HMRC and your pension provider well in advance so there are no surprises after you arrive.

Gathering your documents

Make sure you have all the important documents to hand: a valid passport, birth certificate, marriage certificate (if applicable), educational qualifications and medical records. For official use in Spain, you will often need an apostille, which is an internationally recognised certification of UK documents. You can obtain this through the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO).

Keep your UK bank account open for the first period, but open a Spanish bank account as soon as you have your NIE number. This simplifies payments and avoids high transaction fees. Inform your UK bank that you are living abroad. It is also worth arranging a Spanish phone number and internet connection before or shortly after you arrive.

4. Applying for your NIE number

The NIE number (Número de Identificación de Extranjero) is your identification number in Spain and is essential for virtually every official transaction. You will need it to open a bank account, buy a car, rent a property, sign an employment contract and file a tax return. Without it, very little can move forward.

How do you apply for an NIE number?

There are two ways to go about it. You can apply from the UK at the Spanish Consulate in London, or you can apply in Spain at the Oficina de Extranjería or at a local police station (comisaría). Most people opt for the second route as it tends to be faster and you are already on the ground.

For the application you will need: a valid passport (original and copy), a completed application form (EX-15), a brief statement of the reason for your application and proof of payment of the tasa (the official fee of approximately €10). It is advisable to book an appointment online, as waiting times at many offices can be lengthy. More info here

As a UK national, you will also need to apply for a TIE card (Tarjeta de Identidad de Extranjero) once your visa has been approved. This is the physical residence card that confirms your legal right to live in Spain and must be applied for within 30 days of arriving in Spain on your visa. Your gestor can help you with this too.

5. Empadronamiento: Registering with your local council

Once you have your NIE number, the next step is the empadronamiento, which is the registration with your local council (ayuntamiento). This certificate confirms that you officially reside at a given address and is compulsory for anyone staying in Spain for more than three months. You will need it to access healthcare, enrol children in school, file tax returns and complete various administrative procedures.

What do you need?

To register with the council you will need several documents: your passport and NIE number, proof of your residential address (rental agreement or purchase deed), and sometimes a letter of authorisation from the property owner if you are renting. Requirements can vary from one council to the next, so it is worth checking with your local ayuntamiento in advance.

The process is generally straightforward: you fill in a form, hand over your documents and receive your empadronamiento certificate within a matter of days. You then use this document for further administrative steps, such as applying for your healthcare card.

The importance of the empadronamiento

The empadronamiento is more than just a formality. It gives you access to local services, allows you to vote in municipal elections and is required for obtaining certain permits. Government services use it to establish where you are fiscally resident. Sort this out promptly after you arrive in Spain.

6. Health insurance and healthcare

Good healthcare is essential when moving abroad. The Spanish health system has a strong reputation for quality and accessibility. There are two main options: the public health system via the Seguridad Social, or a private health insurance policy. Many expats choose to combine both for the best possible coverage.

Public healthcare

If you work in Spain and pay Spanish social security contributions, you have access to the public health system. UK state pensioners can also access public healthcare via the S1 form, which you apply for through NHS Overseas Healthcare Services (part of the NHS Business Services Authority) before leaving the UK — you can apply online or by phone on +44 191 218 1999. Once issued, you register the S1 with the INSS in Spain and receive your healthcare card (tarjeta sanitaria).

It is important to know that the S1 only applies if you are already receiving a UK state pension or certain exportable benefits. If you are moving to Spain on a Non-Lucrative Visa or Digital Nomad Visa and are not yet drawing a pension, private health insurance is not optional — it is a mandatory requirement for your visa application. Make sure your policy covers all medical expenses in Spain before you apply.

Public healthcare in Spain is free at the point of use, though waiting times for non-urgent treatments can sometimes be longer. GP visits, hospital care and medication are generally well organised, although the level of service can vary from one region to another.

Private health insurance

Many expats opt for private health insurance because it offers faster access to specialists, shorter waiting times and often English-speaking doctors. The cost of a private policy typically ranges from €50 to €150 per month, depending on your age, health history and the level of cover you choose.

Well-known insurers in Spain include Sanitas, Adeslas, Asisa and DKV. For those moving to the Costa del Sol, Mapfre Velez-Malaga is a local provider with a solid understanding of the needs of international clients. It is always worth comparing several quotes before making a decision.

7. Taxes and financial matters

Once you spend more than 183 days a year in Spain, you are considered a tax resident and liable to pay tax on your worldwide income. This has significant implications for your financial situation and requires careful preparation. The Spanish tax system differs considerably from the UK system.

Income tax in Spain

In Spain you pay income tax (IRPF) on your salary, pension, rental income and other earnings. The rates are progressive and range from 19% to 47%, depending on your income and the autonomous region in which you live. Each year you must file your return between April and June with the Agencia Tributaria, the Spanish tax authority.

For pensioners, UK state pension and private pension income are taxed in Spain under Spanish rates. The double taxation treaty between the UK and Spain prevents you from being taxed twice, but it is important to understand how this applies to your specific situation. Many people who have moved abroad engage a gestor to handle their tax return and identify any legitimate ways to reduce their tax burden.

Wealth tax and other taxes

Spain levies a wealth tax (Impuesto sobre el Patrimonio) on assets above a threshold that varies by region. There is also an annual council tax (IBI) on property and a waste collection charge. Property owners are additionally required to declare a notional rental income on their property each year, even if it is their primary residence.

It is strongly advisable to engage a specialist gestor or tax adviser with experience of international clients. They can help you file your return correctly, make the most of available deductions and avoid penalties. The investment in professional advice often pays for itself quickly through tax savings and the peace of mind it brings.

8. Finding a home

Finding the right home is one of the most important steps of the whole process. Renting and buying each have their own advantages and drawbacks. Many people who move abroad start by renting, to get to know a region and neighbourhood before committing to a permanent choice.

Renting in Spain

Renting offers flexibility and time to explore different neighbourhoods and towns. Rental prices vary considerably by region: popular coastal areas are more expensive than inland locations. Long-term rental contracts (contrato de alquiler) typically run for a minimum of one year. To rent a property you will usually need a deposit of one to two months’ rent, along with your NIE number and proof of income or an employment contract.

Bear in mind that many landlords prefer tenants with a regular income or pension. Some landlords also ask for a Spanish bank guarantee (aval bancario), which covers the rent in the event of non-payment. Working with an estate agent who has experience with international tenants will help you avoid disappointment and misunderstandings.

Buying in Spain

Buying a property in Spain offers stability and the freedom to make a place truly your own. The purchase process differs from the UK: you work with a notary (notario) who draws up the contract and oversees the transfer. In addition to the purchase price, you will pay transfer tax (ITP) of between 8% and 10%, notary fees, land registry fees and possibly estate agent commission.

When buying a property it is essential to work with a reliable estate agent who knows the local market and represents your interests. It is also strongly advisable to instruct an independent lawyer (abogado) who can review the purchase deed, check for any outstanding debts on the property and confirm that all legal aspects are in order.

For those looking for property in the Costa del Sol region and surrounding areas, Cómpeta Properties offers extensive local knowledge and support throughout the entire buying process. They specialise in homes in the beautiful Axarquía area and surrounding villages, with a personal approach for international buyers.

One important point for UK nationals: buying a property in Spain does not grant any right of residency. Since Brexit, property ownership and visa status are entirely separate matters. Make sure your visa is in order before or alongside any property purchase.

9. Organising your move

The physical move from the UK to Spain requires good planning. Depending on how much you are bringing with you, there are several removal options to consider. A professional international removal company takes a great deal of the work off your hands and ensures your belongings arrive safely.

Comparing your options

For smaller moves you might consider driving yourself with a hired van. This is cheaper but requires more effort and time. For a full household, a professional removal company is the better choice. They handle the packing, transport, any customs formalities and unpacking at your new address. Always request several quotes and compare the services and insurance cover on offer.

Allow for a transit time of approximately one to two weeks, depending on the distance and the removal company’s schedule. Planning your move outside the peak season (July to August) can save money and give you more flexibility. Make sure you keep valuables and important documents with you rather than placing them in the removal lorry.

What to take and what to leave behind

Think carefully about what you actually need to bring. Large pieces of furniture are often cheaper to replace in Spain than to transport. Electrical appliances work fine in Spain (the voltage is the same), so those can travel with you. Sentimental items, photos, books and personal belongings are of course worth taking. As a general rule: the less you ship, the cheaper and simpler the move.

10. Working and doing business in Spain

Moving to Spain often means a fresh start professionally as well. Since Brexit, UK nationals no longer have the automatic right to work in Spain — you will need either a work visa, a Digital Nomad Visa or to register as an autónomo (self-employed). The Spanish job market differs from the UK in certain respects, but it also presents real opportunities for international professionals who plan ahead.

Finding work as an employee

For British nationals wanting to work in Spain, several sectors are actively looking for international staff. Tourism and hospitality offer a lot of seasonal work, particularly along the coast. The property sector, translation services and customer service roles for international companies also present openings for English speakers. In larger cities such as Barcelona and Madrid there are more vacancies for highly qualified professionals in tech, finance and marketing.

Average salary levels in Spain are lower than in the UK, but this is offset by the lower cost of living. Employment contracts in Spain are often temporary (contrato temporal) or fixed-term (contrato fijo). Permanent contracts (contrato indefinido) offer more security but are less common. Employees are entitled to a minimum of 30 days’ holiday per year.

Freelancing and starting a business

Many people who move to Spain choose to work as a self-employed professional (autónomo) or to set up their own business. As an autónomo you pay a fixed monthly social security contribution (approximately €300 per month), regardless of your income. This differs from the UK model where contributions are earnings-based. Digital nomads, consultants, translators and creative professionals frequently opt for this route.

Setting up a limited company (S.L., comparable to a UK Ltd) requires more capital and administration, but it offers protection for your personal assets. A gestor can guide you through choosing the right legal structure, handling registrations and managing your monthly and annual accounting. This removes much of the administrative burden and reduces the risk of errors.

11. The first few months

The first period after your move to Spain is one of adjustment and discovery. Even with thorough preparation, you will find that daily life in Spain differs from the UK in all sorts of ways. It takes time to settle into the Spanish culture, customs and way of communicating.

Learning the language

Learning Spanish is one of the most valuable investments you can make for your integration in Spain. Although many people in tourist areas speak English, Spanish is essential for dealing with government offices, visiting the doctor, shopping and building relationships with Spanish people. Start a course as soon as possible, use language apps and be prepared to make mistakes in conversation.

Many towns and villages offer free or low-cost Spanish classes through municipal centres and libraries. Private lessons and online courses are also widely available. Find an approach that suits your learning style and budget. The rewards of learning the language are enormous and will enrich every aspect of your life in Spain.

Building a social network

Building a social network takes time but is vital for your wellbeing. Connect with other expats through Facebook groups, Meetup events and local associations. Many places along the Costa del Sol have active and welcoming British communities. At the same time, it is well worth making connections with local Spanish people through sports clubs, classes and volunteering.

Attend local fiestas and events, visit the weekly market and become a regular at a local bar or café. Spanish people genuinely appreciate it when you show interest in their culture and language. Small conversations at the bakery or with neighbours can grow into lasting friendships. Give yourself the time to let these connections develop naturally.

Dealing with homesickness and culture shock

Almost everyone who moves abroad experiences homesickness or culture shock at some point. This is entirely normal. The Spanish approach to communication, the different rhythm of daily life (late dinners, the siesta culture), the bureaucracy and the language can all feel overwhelming at times. Allow yourself to feel this and talk to other expats who have been through the same experience. Most people find that after six months to a year, life in Spain starts to feel completely natural.

→ Start planning your move to the Costa del Sol today

12. Frequently asked questions

Do I need a visa to move to Spain from the UK?

Yes. Since Brexit, UK nationals are treated as non-EU citizens and need a long-stay visa for any stay exceeding 90 days in the Schengen Area. The most common options are the Non-Lucrative Visa for retirees and those with passive income, the Digital Nomad Visa for remote workers and a work visa for those employed by a Spanish company. All applications are made at the Spanish Consulate in London before departure. Staying beyond 90 days without a visa can result in fines and entry bans, so this step cannot be skipped.

How much money do you need to move to Spain?

Costs vary considerably depending on your circumstances. Allow for a minimum of €10,000 to €15,000 to cover the removal, the first months’ rent and deposit, buying a car, administrative costs and a financial buffer. If you are buying a property, you will naturally need more starting capital. Most people who have made the move recommend having at least six months’ living expenses in reserve for financial security during the settling-in period. Bear in mind that the Non-Lucrative Visa requires you to demonstrate a minimum annual income of approximately €28,800 as a single applicant, so your financial planning needs to take this threshold into account from the outset.

Do you need to speak Spanish to live in Spain?

Formally speaking, knowledge of Spanish is not a requirement for living in Spain. In practice, however, it makes your life considerably easier. In tourist areas you can get by with English much of the time, but for dealing with government offices, healthcare and building real social connections, Spanish is essential. Start learning before you move and keep building on it once you are there.

Can I take my UK pension to Spain?

Yes, your UK state pension and other pension income will continue to be paid if you live in Spain. You do need to inform the Pension Service and your pension provider of your move. Your pension will be taxed in Spain under Spanish rates. The double taxation treaty between the UK and Spain means you do not pay tax twice on the same income. Many retirees benefit from favourable tax arrangements in certain Spanish regions.

What about education for my children?

Spain has excellent educational options for international children. You can choose between Spanish state schools (free of charge), Spanish private schools and international schools, which are available in larger cities and tourist areas. Young children typically adapt quickly and pick up Spanish within a few months. For older children, an international school with English as the language of instruction may be a better fit to protect their academic progress.

Can I bring my car to Spain?

You may bring your UK-registered car to Spain temporarily, but once you are officially resident you must register it on Spanish number plates within six months. This process (matriculación) requires various documents, a technical inspection and payment of import duties and VAT. For many people, it works out cheaper and simpler to sell the car in the UK and buy one in Spain.

What are the biggest challenges of moving to Spain?

The challenges most commonly mentioned are: Spanish bureaucracy and the accompanying paperwork, the language barrier, adjusting to a different pace and culture, building a new social network and navigating the tax system. With solid preparation, the support of professionals such as gestores and lawyers, and an open mindset, these challenges are very manageable. Almost everyone who makes the move says that the benefits far outweigh the initial difficulties of settling in.

Can I get a mortgage in Spain?

Yes, Spanish banks do offer mortgages to foreign buyers. You can typically borrow up to 70% of the purchase value, sometimes more if you have a regular income in Spain. Lending criteria tightened after the financial crisis, but with a solid income, a stable financial profile and the right advice, obtaining a mortgage is certainly achievable. Interest rates tend to be higher than in the UK. A mortgage adviser with experience in international applications can be a great help here.

13. About infocostadelsol.com

infocostadelsol.com is your trusted guide to everything you need along the Costa del Sol. Our platform connects tourists, expats and local residents with Spanish businesses and service providers who deliver quality. Whether you are looking for an estate agent, a gestor for your paperwork, a reliable insurer or legal advice, you will find local professionals on our platform who know the region and have experience with international clients.

What sets us apart is our mission: we give every Spanish business a fair opportunity to be visible. From the solo professional who works with dedication, to the company that manages a team and the hotel that welcomes guests, everyone deserves to be discovered. For this reason, we work with three clear subscription tiers: Basic for sole traders, Pro for businesses with staff, and Premium for hotels, estate agencies and larger enterprises. This structure means that small businesses can grow, medium-sized businesses can strengthen their reputation and larger players can present themselves at a level that matches their market position.

Our vision is to build infocostadelsol.com into the definitive trusted reference for the Costa del Sol. A place where visitors can quickly and reliably find what they are looking for, and where businesses stand proudly alongside one another, each with their own offering, all equally visible. In doing so, we contribute to a thriving region where enterprise is valued and every business has the opportunity to grow.

Start your move to the Costa del Sol today

Moving to Spain is a big step that calls for thorough preparation. From applying for your NIE number to finding trustworthy professionals who can support you at every stage, the right knowledge and the right help make the transition smooth and successful.

On infocostadelsol.com you will find all the service providers and businesses you need for a smooth start on the Costa del Sol. Whether you are looking for help finding a home, administrative support from a gestor, legal advice or reliable insurance, our platform connects you with professionals who have genuine experience with international clients and a thorough knowledge of the local market.